Visible Symptoms
Severe upward curling, cupping, yellowing of leaf margins, thick leathery texture, bushy stunted growth with complete cessation of fruit set.
Primary Causes
- Tomato Leaf Curl New Delhi Virus (ToLCNDV) vectored by Whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci).
- Physiological leaf roll caused by high temperatures, heavy pruning, or uneven soil moisture (leaves curl upward but stay healthy green without stunting).